![]() The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region. Retrieved 14 December 2009 – via Southern Research Station. Washington, D.C.: United States Forest Service (USFS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. The pecan variety 'Major' has bitternut alleles at two simple sequence repeat loci indicating a cryptic cross that may also have involved C. Bitternut hickory seeds are eaten by rabbits, and both its seeds and bark are eaten by other wildlife.īitternut hickory is a diploid species with two sets of sixteen chromosomes that readily hybridizes with other diploid hickory species with a few named hican varieties available. Like other hickories, the wood is used for smoking meat, and by Native Americans for making bows. Because bitternut hickory wood is hard and durable, it is used for furniture, paneling, dowels, tool handles and ladders. It is probably the most abundant and most uniformly distributed of all the hickories.īitternut is used for lumber and pulpwood. It is most common, however, from southern New England west to Iowa and from southern Michigan south to Kentucky. The species is not included as a titled species in the Society of American Foresters forest cover types because it does not grow in sufficient numbers.īitternut hickory grows throughout the eastern United States from southwestern New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine, and southern Quebec west to southern Ontario, central Michigan, and northern Minnesota south to eastern Texas and east to northwestern Florida and Georgia. Although it is usually found on wet bottom lands, it grows on dry sites and also grows well on poor soils low in nutrients. Habitat īitternut hickory grows in moist mountain valleys along streambanks and in swamps. ovata) is also recognized, and is known as Laney's hickory ( Carya × laneyi). A hybrid between the shagbark hickory ( C. Hybrids with the pecan are known, and named Carya × brownii. It is most readily distinguished from the pecan by the smaller number of leaflets, with many leaves having only 7 leaflets (rarely fewer than 9, and often 11–13, in the pecan). Apocarya, but unlike the pecan, it does not have edible nuts. It is closely related to the pecan, sharing similar leaf shape and being classified in the same section of the genus Carya sect. ![]() ![]() Another identifying characteristic is its bright sulfur-yellow winter bud. The fruit is a very bitter nut, 2–3 cm ( 3⁄ 4– 1 + 1⁄ 4 in) long with a green four-valved cover which splits off at maturity in the fall, and a hard, bony shell. The flowers are small wind-pollinated catkins, produced in spring. The leaves are 15–30 cm (6–12 in) long, pinnate, with 7–11 leaflets, each leaflet lanceolate, 7–13 cm ( 2 + 3⁄ 4–5 in) long, with the apical leaflets the largest but only slightly so. It is a large deciduous tree, growing up to 35 m (115 ft) tall (exceptionally to 47 m or 154 ft), with a trunk up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) diameter. ![]()
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